Research on revision of origins to Chinese medicinal materials in 2020 edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia / 中国中药杂志

The origins of 9 species of the Chinese medicinal materials in the 2015 edition of the Chinese pharmacopoeia(ChP) has revised in the 2020 edition of ChP. The revision is based on the investigation and textual research on the problems found after screening the original plants, animals or minerals of all the Chinese medicinal materials in the 2015 edition. Among them the Chinese names of Alismatis Rhizoma, Cassiae Semen, Coicis Semen, Corydalis Bungeanae Herba and Echinopsis Radix all do not match to the Latin scientific names, and also do not match the name of the actual medicinal origins. In addition, Alismatis Rhizoma has the omission of original plant. There is confusion about the Chinese name and the family name of the original insect of Cera Chinensis. The original mineral of Gypsum Fibrosum has the wrong group names. Alumstone and melanterite, the original mineral of Alumen and Melanteritum respectively, of which the group names are missing. To solve these problems, field survey and literature research were conducted on the medicinal materials and their origins. The source of these problems are explored. The correct origins and the Chinese names or Latin names are all determined according to the research results to the situation, in which the Chinese and Latin names of the original plants of the medicinal materials do not match. The correct family name and group name are obtained through textual research by taxonomy if the names are confused or mis-sing. The scientific evidence and correct results of revision in the 2020 edition of ChP are determined at last.

Epidemiological study of bone and joint injury based on urban medical insurance database / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To estimate the prevalence rate of bone and joint injury in China and to describe the three-dimension distribution of the disease (area, time and people).@*METHODS@#Based on a cross-sectional design, a retrospective study was conducted by using Chinese basic medical insurance database from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017 to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of bone and joint injury. The prevalence rate of bone and joint injury in each city was calculated, and then using meta-analyses to estimate the pooled prevalence of each area and the whole country. The pooled prevalence rates were compared among the different groups of populations, in terms of geographical area, time and population characteristics (age and gender).@*RESULTS@#A total of 28 419 264 subjects were included in this study, including 705 793 patients with bone and joint injury. From 2013 to 2017, in Chinese basic medical insurance database, the overall prevalence rate of bone and joint injury was 141.5(95%CI: 90.4－203.7) per 10 000 population, and the prevalence rates of non-specific or polyarticular disease, knee disease, and shoulder disease were 101.6 (95%CI: 63.5－148.4)per 10 000 population, 22.5(95%CI:15.1－31.4)per 10 000 population and 10.9 (95%CI: 6.4－16.4)per 10 000 population. The prevalence rates varied across the areas, the highest rate was observed in North China, with the prevalence of 310.6 (95%CI: 12.6－989.7) per 10 000 population, and the lowest rate was observed in Southwest China, with the prevalence of 59.0 (95%CI: 37.5－85.2) per 10 000 population. The prevalence rate of bone and joint injury increased over the study period, from 111.1 (95%CI: 56.0－182.5)per 10 000 population in 2013 to 175.5 (95%CI: 116.8－245.5)per 10 000 population in 2017. The prevalence of bone and joint injury in the female population was 149.1 (95%CI: 94.2－215.9) per 10 000 population, which was higher than that of men [133.6(95%CI: 86.2－190.9) per 10 000 population]. The higher prevalence of knee disease, unspecified or polyarticular disease, and bone and joint injury were observed in people aged 60 years and older, while the prevalence of shoulder disease peaked in 40－59 years old people [20.6 (95%CI: 12.5－30.5) per 10 000 population].@*CONCLUSION@#This study reported a relative low prevalence of bone and joint injury in China from 2013 to 2017. The prevalence increased over the study period, and the highest prevalence rate was observed in North China. The prevalence rate showed differences among different groups of populations, and higher rates were observed in females and people aged 60 years and older.

Molecular diversity analysis of Tetradium ruticarpum (WuZhuYu) in China based on inter-primer binding site (iPBS) markers and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers / 中国天然药物

"Wu zhu yu", which is obtained from the dried unripe fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Jussieu) T. G. Hartley, has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of headaches, abdominal colic, and hypertension for thousands of years. The present study was designed to assess the molecular genetic diversity among 25 collected accessions of T. ruticarpum (Wu zhu yu in Chinese) from different areas of China, based on inter-primer binding site (iPBS) markers and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Thirteen ISSR primers generated 151 amplification bands, of which 130 were polymorphic. Out of 165 bands that were amplified using 10 iPBS primers, 152 were polymorphic. The iPBS markers displayed a higher proportion of polymorphic loci (PPL = 92.5%) than the ISSR markers (PPL = 84.9%). The results showed that T. ruticarpum possessed high loci polymorphism and genetic differentiation occurred in this plant. The combined data of iPBS and ISSR markers scored on 25 accessions produced five clusters that approximately matched the geographic distribution of the species. The results indicated that both iPBS and ISSR markers were reliable and effective tools for analyzing the genetic diversity in T. ruticarpum.

Study on original plant species and geographical distribution of Fructus Aurantii / 中国中药杂志

The original plant species of Fructus Aurantii are multitudinous and complex, and their requirements to the growing environment is strict. In order to clarify the original plant species and geographical distribution of Fructus Aurantii which recorded in the standards and circulated, used in commodity. The national and local standards of Chinese medicinal materials were collected and the original plants of Fructus Aurantii recoded in standards were found. Ten original plant species of Fructus Aurantii (including varieties of cultivars, the same below) were recorded in the Chinese pharmacopoeia and six local standards of Zhejiang, Yunnan and Guizhou etc. The producing areas and commodity in markets of Fructus Aurantii were investigated. The growth environment and geographical distribution of them were analyzed. There are six types of Fructus Aurantii i.e., Fructus Aurantii Chuan, Fructus Aurantii Xiang, Fructus Aurantii Jiang, Fructus Aurantii Qu, Fructus Aurantii Su, Fructus Aurantii Wen, and nineteen species of original plants in the practical commodities. There are four major Fructus Aurantii producing areas: Sichuan Basin, Dongting Lake Plain, Poyang Lake Plain, Jinqu Basin and its surrounding hilly areas. All of them are located in the area of the east longitude 104° to 121° and the northern latitudes 27° to 31°. There is a certain difference between the actual commodity and the standards of medicinal materials. It is suggested that the traditional mainstream types of Fructus Aurantii with fine quality should be accepted into Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and the types with poor quality should be withdrawn from Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Molecular diversity analysis of Tetradium ruticarpum (WuZhuYu) in China based on inter-primer binding site (iPBS) markers and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers / 中国天然药物

"Wu zhu yu", which is obtained from the dried unripe fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Jussieu) T. G. Hartley, has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of headaches, abdominal colic, and hypertension for thousands of years. The present study was designed to assess the molecular genetic diversity among 25 collected accessions of T. ruticarpum (Wu zhu yu in Chinese) from different areas of China, based on inter-primer binding site (iPBS) markers and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Thirteen ISSR primers generated 151 amplification bands, of which 130 were polymorphic. Out of 165 bands that were amplified using 10 iPBS primers, 152 were polymorphic. The iPBS markers displayed a higher proportion of polymorphic loci (PPL = 92.5%) than the ISSR markers (PPL = 84.9%). The results showed that T. ruticarpum possessed high loci polymorphism and genetic differentiation occurred in this plant. The combined data of iPBS and ISSR markers scored on 25 accessions produced five clusters that approximately matched the geographic distribution of the species. The results indicated that both iPBS and ISSR markers were reliable and effective tools for analyzing the genetic diversity in T. ruticarpum.

Identification of six species of medicinal Diospyros plants based on leaf macro- and micro-morphology / 中国中药杂志

To establish a method for the identification of five species and one variety of medicinal plants from Diospyros, their leaf veins, epidermis, anatomic and powder characters were observed and compared with macro-morphological and microscopic methods. The results indicated the differences of secondary and tertiary veins among those Diospyros species. The single cell non-glandular hair and glandular hair exist in most species' epidermis while stone cells were only found in the leaf powders of two species. Through the study, the main differences of leaf macro- and micro-morphology of these species were obtained and practical keys were also established, which can provide scientific base not only for identification of these species during their vegetative stages, but also for accuracy authentication of the source of Kaki Folium.

Research about the effect of exercise on the vascular endothelial cells AMPK activated in atherosclerotic rat / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the molecular mechanism of exercise to improve cardiovascular health, and exploring the effect of different intensity exercise on AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) protein expression and phosphorylation of vascular endothelial cells in rat.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into control group (group C), model group (group AS), low intensity exercise model group (ASL) and high intensity exercise model group (ASH). The serum inflammatory factor concentrations such as IL-6, TNF-alpha, CRP were studied, and the endothelial cell total AMPK and p-AMPK protein were checked by means of Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The level of IL-6 between AS group and control group had no significant difference, the value of ASH group was markedly increased and had significant difference compared with that of the control group or AS group. The serum TNF-alpha levels of AS group and ASL group were significantly higher than those in control group, but the value of ASH and ASL was significantly lower than that in AS group. The serum concentration of CRP after the AS molding was significantly higher than that of the control group, there was no statistical difference between that of ASL and ASH groups. (2) The total AMPK protein content of ASL and ASH groups was significantly higher than that in control group. When compared between the two groups, there was statistical significance. (3) The value of p-AMPK protein of ASL and ASH groups was significantly higher than that of AS group, the value of p-AMPK protein of ASH group was significantly higher than that of the control group at the same time.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Exercise can reduce the serum levels of inflammatory factors in atherosclerosis rat, and increase AMPK protein expression and phosphorylation level in endothelial cell.</p>

The effects of exercise and glucose and/or acanthopanacis senticosi after workout on AMPK in muscle cell of rat / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of glucose and/or acanthopanacis senticosi administration supplement on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and its change in different phase after exercise in muscle cell of rat.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>128 rats were divided into exercise control groups (C groups), exercise and glucose administration groups (G groups), exercise and acanthopanacis senticosi administration groups (A groups), exercise and glucose and acanthopanacis senticosi administration groups (GA groups). The glucose and acanthopanacis senticosi supplement were completed by intragastric administration in half hour after exercise. All rats were killed in different designed time points before or after glycogen depletion exercise (0 h, 4 h and 12 h respectively) and finally divided into 16 groups (n = 8). The values of AMPK in soleus muscle were analyzed by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) After exercise, the protein content of AMPK quickly increased and reached the peak (209.23 +/- 21.32) then gradually decreased. (2) Acanthopanacis senticosi administration markedly increased the protein content of AMPK in the 0 h and 4 h points after glycogen consumption training (225.11 +/- 20.58 and 186.31 +/- 15.26 vs 195.19 +/- 13.31 and 157.11 +/- 16.43) without any difference after 12 h. (3) Glucose administration had no significant effect on AMPK activation. (4) Both glycogen and acanthopanacis senticosi were supplied simultaneously that had enhanced the AMPK content in 4 h and 12 h point (217.96 +/- 19.25 and 191.86 +/- 14.69). However, the AMPK content in GA group was lower than that in the C groups at 12 h point (121.89 +/- 15.23 vs 137.92 +/- 16.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Exercise could markedly activate the AMPK protein in muscle cell and acanthopanacis senticosi administration augmented such activation. Glucose administration had no significant effect on AMPK activation.</p>

Expression of peroxiredoxin III in cervical lesions / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression feature of peroxiredoxin III in cervical lesions and to further understand the mechanism for cervical cancer development/progression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Expression of peroxiredoxin III was immunohistochemically detected in cervical cancer. In addition, cervical epithelia were transfected with recombinant adeno-associated virus vector containing human papillomavirus 16 E6/E7 and peroxiredoxin III expression was detected by quantitative real time PCR and Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Peroxiredoxin III was significantly up-regulated in cervical cancer tissues. Nevertheless, expression of peroxiredoxin III remained unchanged in cervical epithelial cells after transfection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It seems that Prx III is not related to cervical cancer initiation. Up-regulation of peroxiredoxin III in cervical cancer might be an active response to oxidative stress in malignant cells, which protects against oxidatiton-induced apoptosis.</p>

Induction of human oral carcinoma by human papillomavirus 16 E6/E7 and TPA / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To study the effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E6/E7 and TPA (12-O-tetradecanog-1-phorbol-13-acetate) on malignant transformation of human embryo oral tissue.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Recombinant plasmid with HPV 16 E6/E7 was constructed and transfected into human embryo oral tissue. The oral tissue with HPV 16 E6/E7 gene or without the gene was inoculated into the hypophloeodal of right shoulder in scid mice, respectively. The study was conducted in four groups: the first group was the oral tissue transfected plasmid with HPV 16 E6/E7 plus TPA, which were inoculated into 8 scid mice; the second group was only oral tissue transfected with plasmid with HPV 16 E6/E7 into 6 scid mice; the third group was normal oral tissue plus TPA inoculated into 6 scid mice, and the final group was only normal oral tissue inoculated into 5 scid mice. Three days after inoculation, TPA was injected at the left shoulder of the mice once a week. Twelve weeks after inoculation, tumor was found in 7 scid mice from the first group. HPV 16 E6/E7 gene in tumor tissues was analyzed by PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rate of tumor formation was 7/8 in the first group; no tumor was found in the other groups. Pathological diagnosis of the tumor was fibrohistiocytoma. HPV 16 E6/E7 gene was detected by PCR in tumor tissues.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With the cooperating action of TPA, human oral tissue containing HPV 16 E6/E7 gene could cause malignant transformation in scid mice.</p>